How do splints develop?

Splints usually occur as injuries to and inflammation of the interosseous ligament between the splint bone and the cannon bone, interosseous desmitis, and also as injuries to the periostium or outer layer of bone, periostitis. These injuries then calcify into exostoses.

How do they affect the horse?  

Splints are unsightly blemishes in all cases. They detract from the appearance and reduce the value of horses. In certain cases they may be the cause of clinical lameness.

Causes: 

Such factors as concussion, an external blow, strain, conformation and nutrition may be the causes of splints.

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